Acne is a common skin condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It not only causes discomfort but also impacts self-esteem. Among the various treatments available, benzoyl peroxide is a popular and effective option specifically for combating acne. 

According to information from the National Library of Medicine, benzoyl peroxide is available as an over-the-counter topical medication and is FDA-approved as a prescription medication for treating acne vulgaris.  It is also a common ingredient in skincare products such as cleansers and creams.

But how does benzoyl peroxide work to fight acne, and why is it a staple in many skincare routines?.

1. Antibacterial properties

One of the primary mechanisms through which benzoyl peroxide tackles acne is by its potent antibacterial properties. 

According to a study published in The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology, it works by reducing the number of acne-causing bacteria on the skin's surface, particularly Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This bacterium thrives in the oily environment of clogged pores, contributing to inflammation and the formation of acne lesions.

2. Exfoliation

Benzoyl peroxide also acts as a keratolytic agent, meaning it helps to exfoliate the outer layer of the skin, as per Sozo Aesthetic Clinic. By promoting exfoliation, it helps unclog pores and removes dead skin cells that can contribute to acne formation. 

3. Reduction of oil production

Another benefit of benzoyl peroxide is its ability to reduce excess oil (sebum) production in the skin. Excessive oil production is a key factor in the development of acne, as it can lead to clogged pores and provide an ideal environment for bacterial growth. 

By regulating oil production, benzoyl peroxide helps prevent new acne breakouts. However, Healthline noted that such an effect may result in dryness, along with redness and excessive peeling. Users may also notice itching and general irritation at the site of application.

4. Anti-inflammatory effects

In addition to its antibacterial and exfoliating properties, benzoyl peroxide exhibits mild anti-inflammatory effects by blocking the production of ROS in neutrophils, a study suggested.

Acne is often accompanied by redness, swelling, and inflammation of the skin. Benzoyl peroxide can help alleviate these symptoms, making it beneficial for inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules.

5. Complementary to other treatments

Benzoyl peroxide is versatile and can be used alone or in combination with other acne treatments. It is often included in topical formulations alongside ingredients like salicylic acid or retinoids, enhancing their efficacy in treating different types of acne. 

It's important, however, to consult a dermatologist before using benzoyl peroxide to ensure safe and effective skincare.